Ubuntu Linux Server Basics

Learn why Ubuntu server disables root login by default and how the sudo command safely grants temporary root privileges for secure administration.

Log in to the Ubuntu server and explore the Bash shell. Practice listing, navigating, creating, and removing directories with ls, cd, mkdir, rm, rmdir, and nano.

Master Ubuntu server shell navigation with cd and tab completion. Review command history, chain commands with &&, and read or concatenate files with cat, using quotes or backslashes for spaces.

Learn to move and copy files using mv, cp, and rsync, handle directories with recursive options, and monitor progress with verbose and progress flags.

Discover how to shut down or reboot an Ubuntu server using sudo with halt or reboot, specify a delay, display maintenance messages, and understand basic runlevel concepts.

Discover runlevels from zero to six, including single-user mode (s), and learn to check and switch them with the runlevel and telinit commands, plus when to use shutdown over telinit.

Learn to find help in Ubuntu Linux server by using man, and by checking -h and --help options, then explore rsync, df -h, and cat via manuals and examples.

Add users and groups on Ubuntu server using sudo, enter passwords, and assign optional user details; list groups and users with system commands and understand the default bin bash shell.

Learn to manage Ubuntu server users and groups by changing passwords, deleting users and groups, and adding or removing users from groups using sudo, useradd, adduser, and related commands.

Install software on Ubuntu server with root privileges using apt-get, and understand dependencies. Use apt-cache to search for programs, manage repositories, and perform updates and upgrades with do-release-upgrade.

Learn practical steps to configure Ubuntu Linux server networking with ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, and /etc/network/interfaces, verify connectivity by ping, and set static or dhcp IP as needed.

Explore ubuntu file permissions with the ls -l long format, learn how to read owner, group, and others permissions, and understand r/w/x meanings and octal representations.

Modify file permissions with chmod to grant read, write, and execute for user, group, and others, and use chown and chgrp to change ownership and group.

Explore access control lists (acl) in Ubuntu Linux server, extending the nine‑bit permission model. View and modify acl entries with getfacl and setfacl, and understand masks and effective permissions.

Learn to view mounted file systems with df -h, identify disks and partitions (dev sda, sdb, sdc), and manage partitions using fdisk or parted, create ext4 or ext3 file systems.

Explore how raid works on Ubuntu server, focusing on raid zero, raid one, and raid ten, their performance and redundancy, how mdadm creates software raid, and importance of identical disks.

Learn to manage an Ubuntu server with Webmin, installing the deb package via wget, resolving dependencies with apt, and using Webmin’s graphical user interface for cron, file management, and Samba.

Learn to manage Ubuntu Linux server processes using ps and top to monitor activity, and use foreground, control z, and kill to suspend, resume, or terminate programs, with practical tips.

Learn to create a simple sh script on an Ubuntu Linux server to automate daily tasks, like checking ssh and Apache status and using cron jobs.

Discover a practical fix for the no talloc stackframe error in Ubuntu samba by disabling password synchronization, checking samba version with smb status, and restarting the samba service.

Learn how tar archives group files and how to extract tar, tar.gz, and tar.bz2 using tar options x, v, f, z, and j.

Move the time clock folder into /var/www/html via ssh and sudo, then install mysql server, php5, and php5-mysql, set the mysql root password, and import tables with user permissions.

Select and switch to the time clock database, create a time clock user at localhost with a password, grant all privileges on that database and its tables, then flush privileges.

Troubleshoot and fix an outdated create_tables.sql import by editing for modern MySQL syntax, iterating with nano and other editors, and validating table creation in the timeclock database.